Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Spinal Anesthesia in Elective Cesarean Delivery

This prospective, observational, non-interventional study aims to evaluate the effect of gestational weight gain on regional anesthesia characteristics in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery. No additional intervention, medication, or procedure beyond routine clinical care will be performed. Participants will be classified according to gestational weight gain categories based on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines, and spinal anesthesia block characteristics, hemodynamic responses, and perioperative outcomes will be assessed.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women aged 18-45 years * Single pregnancy * Planned elective cesarean section * Spinal anesthesia (regional anesthesia technique) * Pre-pregnancy weight information available (maternal health record, e-Nabız or file record) * Recorded pre-delivery weight information * Gestational weight gain (GWG) calculable according to the IOM 2009 classification * ASA I-II pregnant women * Voluntary participation in the study and informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women with preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome * Pregnant women with a history of gestational diabetes or pregestational diabetes * Multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc.) * Preterm pregnancy (\<37 weeks) * Failure of spinal anesthesia or need for conversion to general anesthesia * Lack of pre-pregnancy weight information or weight gain data during pregnancy * Pregnancies with fetal anomalies * Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 45 kg/m²)