Serratus Posterior Superior Intercostal Plane Block Versus Intrathecal Morphine in VATs

This study aims to compare the analgesic effects of the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block and intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial including adult patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block or intrathecal morphine before general anesthesia. The primary outcome is cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours, expressed as intravenous morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, time to first analgesic request, quality of recovery, and postoperative complications. The study aims to determine whether these two techniques differ in their effectiveness for postoperative pain management.

This study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial designed to compare the analgesic efficacy of serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block and intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Eligible patients aged 18-75 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III scheduled for elective thoracoscopic procedures (wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy) will be included. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated sequence with block randomization. Participants in the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block group will receive an ultrasound-guided regional block prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Participants in the intrathecal morphine group will receive an intrathecal morphine injection before general anesthesia. All patients will receive standardized general anesthesia and postoperative patient-controlled analgesia. The primary outcome is cumulative opioid consumption within the first 24 postoperative hours, expressed as intravenous morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary outcomes include opioid consumption at 12 hours, numeric rating scale pain scores at rest and during activity, time to first analgesic request, quality of recovery scores, postoperative nausea and vomiting, sedation levels, pruritus, respiratory depression, and postoperative complications up to 30 days. This study aims to evaluate the relative effectiveness of these two analgesic techniques and to improve postoperative pain management strategies in thoracic surgery.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 75 years * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III * Scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery including wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy Exclusion Criteria: * Refusal to participate * Pregnancy * Morbid obesity (body mass index greater than 40 kg per square meter) * Allergy to opioids, local anesthetics, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs * Neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, or inability to communicate * History of substance abuse * Use of anticoagulant therapy or presence of bleeding disorders * Active systemic infection * Severe cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, or endocrine disease * Chronic pain syndrome or ongoing chronic pain treatment * Emergency surgery or prior ipsilateral thoracic surgery * Preoperative opioid use * Significant intraoperative or postoperative bleeding or hemodynamic instability * Requirement for prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation longer than 18 hours