Comparison of Peer Role-Playing-Based Simulation With Case-Based Learning in Physical Therapy Education

This study primarily aims to evaluate the impact of a 12-week peer role-play simulation model on the professional development of undergraduate physiotherapy students. Unlike traditional teacher-led case discussions, this study explores the effect of active participation in clinical scenarios, in which students alternate between the roles of 'clinician' and 'patient', on their academic achievement, self-efficacy and perceived clinical readiness. Specifically, the study aims to determine whether this interactive, low-cost pedagogical approach is a superior alternative to conventional lecture-based methods for preparing students for real-world clinical environments, particularly in high-enrolment academic settings.

The rapid expansion of physiotherapy education in Turkey has led to a number of significant systemic challenges, including limited clinical placement opportunities and a lack of standardised clinical supervision. Although simulation-based education (SBE) is recognised worldwide as an effective way of bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and hands-on practice, its integration into Turkish physiotherapy curricula is inconsistent. Peer role-play simulation offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for large student cohorts. By simulating complex or high-risk clinical encounters in a controlled environment, students can practise decision-making and communication skills without endangering patient safety. Furthermore, experiencing the 'patient' perspective is hypothesised to enhance empathy and foster a patient-centred mindset. This comparative study evaluates a 12-week 'Clinical Problem Solving' course delivered through two instructional models. Experimental Group: Utilises a structured, multi-session peer role-play simulation framework, followed by formal debriefing sessions. Control group: Receives traditional, case-based lecture instruction, focusing on passive learning and theoretical discussion. The research seeks to determine whether peer simulation leads to statistically significant improvements compared to traditional methods. The investigation focuses on three key areas: Academic performance: Assessed via end-of-term written examinations to measure knowledge retention and application. Self-efficacy: This is measured through validated scales to track changes in students' confidence in their clinical abilities. Clinical Readiness: This is measured through validated scales to track changes in students' confidence in their clinical abilities. Clinical Readiness: Evaluated via pre- and post-intervention testing to determine students' perceived preparedness for clinical internships. It is hypothesised that the interactive nature of peer simulation combined with reflective debriefing will result in higher self-efficacy and superior clinical readiness than conventional case-based teaching.

Inclusion Criteria: * Current enrollment as a senior (4th-year) undergraduate student in the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation at Istanbul Medipol University. * Active participation in the "Clinical Problem Solving" course. * Voluntary agreement to participate and signing of the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Students who have previously taken the "Clinical Problem Solving" course or a similar simulation-based elective. * Failure to attend more than 20% of the 12-week course sessions.