Bidirectional Cohort Study of a Prognosis Model for Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure

This study constitutes a bidirectional cohort investigation. By collating laboratory parameters and clinical data-including plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) analyses-from patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, it aims to provide a reference framework for predicting prognosis and the occurrence of complications.

Inclusion Criteria: •Clinical diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) Exclusion Criteria: * age \< 18 years * extrahepatic organ failure unrelated to ACLF * active malignancy * co-infection with other hepatitis viruses or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) * prior liver transplantation * use of immunosuppressants within 6 months before enrollment * unclear history of antiviral therapy