Group Reading and Oral Exercise Program for Older Adults

Depression is common among older adults and is often associated with declines in physical and oral health. Non-pharmacological, community-based interventions are needed to support both mental and physical well-being. This study examines the effects of a program combining group-based reading activities and oral exercises in community-dwelling older adults. Participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention group, which receives the six-week program, or a control group receiving general oral health education. The study evaluates whether the intervention can improve physical and oral function, enhance psychological resilience (grit), and reduce depressive symptoms.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older. 2. Able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese and capable of understanding study instructions and participating in group discussions. 3. Able to complete study questionnaires independently or with assistance from research staff. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Individuals with severe cognitive impairment that precludes understanding study procedures or participation in group discussions. 2. Individuals with a current diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, acute phase of bipolar disorder) that would make participation in group activities inappropriate. 3. Individuals who have participated in similar psychological or bibliotherapy-based interventions within the past 3 months.